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Saturday, 11 May 2013

The Toxicologist Today on twitter

The Toxicologist Today will be absent until the end of May due to professional and personal projects. In the meantime, join us on Twitter. And if you miss all the great science stories just use the blog's search box to get to know a lot more interesting facts about our crazy world.


Survival of the Poisonous: "Ophyocordiceps vs. Ant"






The parasitic Ophiocordyceps unilateralis fungus became famous for its incredible capacity to force ants walk towards their own suicide for the benefit of the fungus. This horrible zombie pattern is so famous and worldwide known that it was granted many hours of TV broadcasting. 

This fungus needs a determined temperature to flourish, but it cannot have access to the desired area just because it has no legs to do the way. Thus, a carrier previously shot with spores plays the crucial role in this necromancy pathway. The ant provides nutrients and a safe environment for the fungus; chemicals produced by the fungus induce the ant's brain (where the fungus is installed) to climb up the vegetation and find a nice sunny comfortable deathbed, and finally when all the conditions are perfect for the fungus to emerge, it's business time... and the horror show happens. The fungus cracks the ant open from inside out and the ant is no more, if ever was.

It's ever more disturbing when one realises that the colony rejects these infected individuals placing them far away from the healthy group. Makes one love our family and also the National Health Service!

There are plenty of good webpages and programs about this topic, so it would be slightly irresponsible to develop something that is so well portrayed and resumed. Nevertheless, just take a look at this incredile video hereby embedded and learn why the victory was always on the fungus side in this second Toxic Battle The Toxicologist Today has brought to you.

Saturday, 4 May 2013

Free Toxicology Tools - Part 2 of 3

I'm glad the first part of this post was so broadly accepted. Many people liked this discussion in different forums and, even though I'm not ego fed, it is always good to understand that our work touches people's interests somehow. Thank you all who felt my work was practical, helpful and interesting.

With no further ado let's jump to the second part of this triangle of tools available nowadays for our biological, biochemical and computational work. The tools I am to bring to you today relate to predictive toxicology and can be found in a more descriptive and prolonged review accessing HERE.

So, today we'll be learning about Software Tools for Toxicity Prediction, based on the work by Mojca Fuart Gatnik and Andrew Worth published in the Joint Research Centre (JRC) Scientific and Technical Reports, in 2010. JRC is commited to provide scientific support to help develop and implement European policies concerning the health and safety of the European consumers. In the published review of the aforementioned tools they explore both free and commercial software, however, for the reasons we might all understand, I'll be solely touching the surface of the freeware. 

Estimation Programme Interface (EPI) Suite
- Windows(R) based platform
- developed by the Environmental protection Agency;
- provides a vast range of screening-levels physical and chemical properties and environmental fate estimation programs. Relates to the foundations of the exposure assessment;
- requires that users have suitable data from literature;
- composed of more than 15 different applications;
- offers individual estimation programs and underlying predictive methods and equations;
- complete and professional-driven.

OncoLogic(R)
- Windows(R) based platform;
developed by the Environmental protection Agency;
- provides a computer system to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of chemicals;
- requires user to be familiar with organic chemistry and routes of exposure of toxicants;
- built upon "compilation" of many literature toxicology encyclopaedias;
- EPA offers hands-on training sessions, the software provides guidance to the public, to industries and to regulatory agencies.

Toxtree 
- developed by JRC Computational Toxicology and Modelling;
- estimates toxic hazard by applying a decision-tree approach
- full-featured application, flexible, user-friendly, open source;
- can be found online;
- main language is JAVA;
- allows new decision trees with arbitrary rules to be built in;
- plugins are being developed;

Toxmatch
- main language JAVA;
- standalone application;
- for any operational system
- provides means to compare a chemical or set of chemicals to a toxicity data set;
- includes data sets for four toxicity endpoints;


OK guys, hope it was all good information that can be useful for you whether you use it domestically or professionally. See you soon for the third and last part of triple post. Stay tuned!



1st image - OncoLogic, quick start tutorial, [http://www.epa.gov/oppt/sf/pubs/QuickStartTutorial.pdf], last visited on the 04th of May 2013, last update 2010.

2nd image - Toxmatch, [http://toxmatch.sourceforge.net/], last visited on the 04th of May 2013, last update unknown.

Friday, 3 May 2013

Jeff Hanneman, co-founder of Slayer, dies of liver failure following spider bite

"Musician died of liver failure while recovering from a skin-eating condition he contracted after being bitten by a spider.

American guitarist Jeff Hanneman, a co-founder of the heavy metal band Slayer, died in southern California on Thursday, the band said in a statement posted on their website. He was 49.
"Hanneman was in an area hospital when he suffered liver failure," the band said.
The guitarist had been recovering from a spider bite which had left him with necrotising fasciitis, a flesh-eating disease which attacks subcutaneous tissue.
Hanneman founded Slayer with fellow guitarist Kerry King in the early 1980s in suburban Los Angeles.
The band was known as one of the "big four" thrash metal groups of the 1980s, along with Anthrax, Megadeth and Metallica.
Hanneman is best known as a writer of the songs Raining Blood and Angel of Death from the 1986 album Reign in Blood, which is considered a landmark of the thrash genre.
Fellow musicians took to Twitter to express their grief. Slash, guitarist with Guns 'n' Rose, said: "Tragic & shocking news about Jeff Hanneman. He is going to missed by so many. What a sad day for Metal. RIP man", while Andrew WK said "Jeff Hanneman will always be a metal god. A true master, he gave energy and excitement to millions, and will continue to."
Hanneman is survived by his wife, Kathy, and three siblings."

in The Guardian, 03rd of May 2013. read it here here.
========================================================================

"Hanneman fell seriously ill in 2011 after he was bitten by a spider - he almost lost his arm and was placed in a medically-induced coma. The star subsequently underwent several operations to remove the dead and dying tissue from his arm and pulled out of Slayer's 2012 tour dates to continue his treatment.

in 3news.co.nz, 03rd of May 2013" Read it here.

Thursday, 2 May 2013

Survival of The Poisonous: "Black Mamba vs. Young Lion"

Jesus Christ!!! In my very first attempt to bring the wildest battles to The Toxicologist Today, we are taken to the snake's pit just to see a young lion face death as it unfortunately relaxes under a nice shadow... only to find it to be the exit door of a deadly African Black Mamba. You can feel the tension piling up as the snake does not want to attempt a void strike and the lion pretty much knows that one false movement and it's history! But then there was a moment I just had to admire this young pup utter irresponsibility or plain juvenile ignorance as he starts playing around with some weed and totally ignores the poisonous menace. I'm pretty sure weed was what got this young lion in danger in the first place. When he finally decided to just leave the main entrance of the snake pit, I couldn't believe the snake was actually the one who had pooped her pants.


"Black mamba venom peptides target acid-sensing ion channels to abolish pain"

Wednesday, 10 April 2013

Free Molecular Biology Tools - Part 1 of 3

I've been recently to a course covering Bio-Linux. It was quite a good starting point for an environment that apart from a few months dwelling on Ubuntu (on my own), was kind of an alien space for me. Well, it's not about Bio-Linux that I want to approach you guys, it's about the many tools one can find in the cyberspace these days, tools that eventually can represent a lot of spare time and better handling of high-throughput data. This course allowed me to learn a bunch whole of stuff concerning the Bio-Linux 7 system, as also gave me a nice perspective on the existence of different free tools that can help a biomolecular scientist work data in a much better fashion.

Let's go very quickly through a small list of different tools I managed to read about. Because NCBI has on its own a huge number of attached tools available for molecular biologists, I will talk about those some other time. Thus, I decided to list these ones according to the field they are more directly related to, but please feel free to comment on this distribution:

DNA Sequencing
(Geospiza's FinchTV)

Name: Geospiza's FinchTV
Summary: Popular chromatogram viewer for DNA sequence traces on Linux, Mac OSX, Windows and Solaris. 
Plus: Can display an entire trace in a scalable multi-pane view. Raw data views. Blast searching. Reverse complement sequences and traces.

Name: EMBOSS (The European Molecular Biology Open Software Suite)
Summary: Open source software analysis package specially developed for the needs of the molecular biology user community.
Plus: The software copes with data in a variety of formats, allows transparent retrieval of sequence data from the web, integrates a range of currently available packages and tools for sequence analysis.
Minus: The website displays a very confusing interface.
Source: http://emboss.sourceforge.net/

Name: Primer3
Summary: Widely used program for designing PCR primers.
Plus: Many different input parameters and easy to use.
Minus: A very pale and text oriented website.
Source: http://primer3.wi.mit.edu/


Name: Artemis
Summary: Free genome browser and annotation tool that allows visualisation of sequence features, next generation data and the results of analyses within the context of the sequence, and also its six-frame translation.
Plus: Written in JAVA, available for UNIX, Windows, Macintosh. Can read EMBL and Genbank database entries, can sequence in FASTA, GFF or even raw format.
Minus: It seems to me that know one really invests in an appealing website or interface.
Source: http://www.sanger.ac.uk/resources/software/artemis/

See you soon for the second and third part of this post. If you want to read more about these tools please visit Bioinformatics in Microbiology 2013.


Tuesday, 9 April 2013

Science in The Park with The Toxicologist Today - The Final Results

I'm really sorry guys for being so inactive lately but I've been crazy busy with my PhD! I just wanted to say that Science in the Park, part of the Science and Engineering Week, last month, was very successful. The Toxicologist Today was there and I would like to thank the organisation for inviting me, especially Noreen. It was at such short notice, but I tried to do the best I could with the budget I had. It all came from my pocket so I had to come up with a fresh funny idea that wouldn't cost me the world. 

In two days I created "Come Climb Mountain Tox". A quiz game with only two possible answers covering subjects posted in this blog, and as one answers correctly goes climbing the mountain levels from Puppy, to Goat, to Climber, to Eagle, to Superman.  I tried to make it for both children and parents, the idea being they would play as a team and help each other. 

So a pair of people would start answering very easy questions at the very bottom of the mountain, questions like "Is it possible to defizz a cola?" to "What is Taheebo good for?". After each answer from the pair I'd explain why the question was right or wrong. A bottle of cola and some packets of sugar helped extract not only the carbon dioxide from the fizzy drink, but also a good smile from all the children we played with.


Because I am not too sure if one can use pictures of children in the internet here in the UK, even though parents gave us permission to portrait the moment, I decided to post pictures with two very funny teams (one from Uni and the other at A levels). These two snaps up there show the tremendous fun we (myself aided by a great friend from Portugal who actually works as a Research Assistant in the CRG team in CBS- Carlos Granja) had throughout the whole game. These psychology students, for example, completely nailed the game getting 20 points out of 21 possible to get. They were rewarded with nice chocolate eggs, but were kind enough to let the big chocolate bunny for the kids that by then were starting to queue up for playing "Come Climb Mountain Tox" with their parents. These girls were not only very cute they were also hilarious, intelligent and we loved learning from them at this blog's first public apparition. 


Many other teams played the game, and all children, even those who were too young to do excellent results, got chocolate to the best of my capacity. They took pictures dressing in lab coats and protective goggles and learned so many interesting facts!


As far as we can tell "Come Climb Mountain Tox" was a success, especially considering the short notice and the tremendously low budget we were working with. The whole experience cost me 20 quid, but I got a lot more than I gave because all those moments I lived with the children and parents were pure treasure. Some children were surprisingly intelligent and astute for their ages, the youngest couldn't concentrate under the influence of a very chocolaty Easter Bunny!


This pair up here was the last one to take home a bunch of chocolate as we were rushing out for there was lab work to do in the afternoon. Overall, we spent 3 hours enjoying this event where a lot more Science & Engineering demonstrations were taking place. 

Next year I'll try to improve my stand and interaction, but I loved this opportunity and would like to thank all parents and kids who gave me the chance to learn from all of you and share my passion for Science.

Kudos for all!